Citation: Chiu, C.-C.; Liao, T.-L.;
Chen, C.-H.; Kao, S.-E. AIoT
Precision Feeding Management
System. Electronics 2022, 11, 3358.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
electronics11203358
Academic Editor: Nunzio Cennamo
Received: 29 August 2022
Accepted: 10 October 2022
Published: 18 October 2022
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral
with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affil-
iations.
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
Article
AIoT Precision Feeding Management System
Cheng-Chang Chiu
1
, Teh-Lu Liao
1
, Chiung-Hsing Chen
2,
* and Shao-En Kao
2
1
Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
2
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology,
Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
* Correspondence: chiung@nkust.edu.tw
Abstract:
Different fish species and different growth stages require different amounts of fish pellets.
Excessive fish pellets increase the cost of aquaculture, and the leftover fish pellets sink to the bottom
of the fish farm. This causes water pollution in the fish farm. Weather changes and providing too
many or too little fish pellets affect the growth of the fish. In light of the abovementioned factors,
this article uses the artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) precision feeding management system to
improve an existing fish feeder. The AIoT precision feeding management system is placed on the
water surface of the breeding pond to measure the water surface fluctuations in the area of fish pellet
application. The buoy, with s built-in three-axis accelerometer, senses the water surface fluctuations
when the fish are foraging. Then, through the wireless transmission module, the data are sent back to
the receiver and control device of the fish feeder. When the fish feeder receives the signal, it judges
the returned value to adjust the feeding time. Through this system, the intelligent feeding of fish can
be achieved by adjusting the amount of fish pellets in order to reduce the cost of aquaculture.
Keywords: aquaculture; water pollution; AIoT; wireless transmission module; intelligent feeding
1. Introduction
At present, different automatic fish feeders are in use, and they mainly be divided
into three types: automatic fish feeders for fish farms on large ponds, cage culture, and
industrial fish farms [1–3].
1.1. Automatic Fish Feeders for Fish Farms on Large Ponds
This automatic fish feeder has a general throwing area of 10–50 square meters, while
the motor power is 30–100 watts and the throwing distance is 2–18 m, as shown in Figure 1.
The volume of the feeding box can hold 60–120 kg of fish pellets, and the area that can be
fed evenly by each unit is 5–15 mu. This type of automatic fish feeder is currently the most
frequently used among fish farmers.
Electronics 2022, 11, x. https://doi.org/10.3390/xxxxx www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics
Article
AIoT Precision Feeding Management System
Cheng-Chang Chiu
1
, Teh-Lu Liao
1
, Chiung-Hsing Chen
2,
* and Shao-En Kao
2
1
Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
N98094011@ncku.edu.tw (C.-C.C.); tlliao@mail.ncku.edu.tw (T.-L.L.)
2
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology,
Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan; f110185109@nkust.edu.tw
* Correspondence: chiung@nkust.edu.tw
Abstract: Different fish species and different growth stages require different amounts of fish pellets.
Excessive fish pellets increase the cost of aquaculture, and the leftover fish pellets sink to the bottom
of the fish farm. This causes water pollution in the fish farm. Weather changes and providing too
many or too little fish pellets affect the growth of the fish. In light of the abovementioned factors,
this article uses the artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) precision feeding management system to
improve an existing fish feeder. The AIoT precision feeding management system is placed on the
water surface of the breeding pond to measure the water surface fluctuations in the area of fish
pellet application. The buoy, with s built-in three-axis accelerometer, senses the water surface fluc-
tuations when the fish are foraging. Then, through the wireless transmission module, the data are
sent back to the receiver and control device of the fish feeder. When the fish feeder receives the
signal, it judges the returned value to adjust the feeding time. Through this system, the intelligent
feeding of fish can be achieved by adjusting the amount of fish pellets in order to reduce the cost of
aquaculture.
Keywords: aquaculture; water pollution; AIoT; wireless transmission module; intelligent feeding
1. Introduction
At present, different automatic fish feeders are in use, and they mainly be divided
into three types: automatic fish feeders for fish farms on large ponds, cage culture, and
industrial fish farms [1–3].
1.1. Automatic Fish Feeders for Fish Farms on Large Ponds
This automatic fish feeder has a general throwing area of 10–50 square meters, while
the motor power is 30–100 watts and the throwing distance is 2–18 m, as shown in Figure
1. The volume of the feeding box can hold 60–120 kg of fish pellets, and the area that can
be fed evenly by each unit is 5–15 mu. This type of automatic fish feeder is currently the
most frequently used among fish farmers.
Figure 1. The automatic fish feeders for fish farms on large ponds.
1.2. Automatic Fish Feeders for Cage Culture
Citation: Chiu, C.-C.; Liao, T.-L.;
Chen, C.-H.; Kao, S.-E. An AIoT
Precision Feeding Management
System. Electronics 2022, 11, x.
https://doi.org/10.3390/xxxxx
Academic Editor: Nunzio Cennamo
Received: 29 August 2022
Accepted: 10 October 2022
Published: 18 October 2022
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neu-
tral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institu-
tional affiliations.
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
Submitted for possible open access
publication under the terms and con-
ditions of the Creative Commons At-
tribution (CC BY) license (https://cre-
ativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Figure 1. The automatic fish feeders for fish farms on large ponds.
1.2. Automatic Fish Feeders for Cage Culture
According to the different conditions of the cages, they can be divided into deep-water
cage fish feeders and water surface cage fish feeders, as shown in Figure 2. The deep-water
cage fish feeder directly transports the fish pellets to the center of the cage at a depth of
Electronics 2022, 11, 3358. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203358 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics
