Page 1 GAO-25-107243 Infrastructure Grants
Infrastructure throughout the nation is aging and faces increasing demands on its
use. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), enacted in November
2021, appropriated funds to federal agencies to support transportation, clean
energy and power, broadband, and other infrastructure projects. Federal
agencies continue to distribute much of the IIJA funding through grants to Tribes,
states, localities, and territories.
We prepared this report at the initiative of the Comptroller General. It describes
IIJA grant funding and the status of that funding to Tribes, states, localities, and
territories, as well as how agencies are reporting on the implementation of the
funds.
• Federal agencies reported that hundreds of federal programs were
appropriated approximately $711.8 billion in IIJA funds that are available to
award to Tribes, states, localities, and territories through grants.
• Of the $711.8 billion in available IIJA grants identified by agencies, $580.6
billion (82 percent) became available for agencies to obligate toward
infrastructure projects between fiscal year 2022 and fiscal year 2025. The
remaining $131.2 billion (18 percent) will become available for agencies to
obligate in fiscal year 2026.
• As of December 31, 2024, agencies reported obligating $275.1 billion (47
percent) and outlaying $119.4 billion (21 percent) of the $580.6 billion
available to them through that period for grants to Tribes, states, localities,
and territories. These obligations and outlays, which agencies report on
USAspending.gov, represent 39 and 17 percent, respectively, of the $711.8
billion in IIJA funds identified by agencies as available to these recipients.
• The extent of public reporting on performance measures and results for IIJA
programs varied by agency as of April 2025. Agencies told us that they plan
to report more performance information about their IIJA programs in the
future.
The IIJA authorized programs and provided funding for surface transportation,
and other infrastructure projects.
1
These included both establishing new grant
programs and continuing existing grant programs for clean energy and power,
drinking water, broadband, airports, and others.
2
Agencies that are appropriated funds for their infrastructure programs through
the IIJA may obligate the funds to infrastructure projects through several forms of
U.S. Government Accountability Office
Grants: Status of Funding to
Tribes, States, Localities, and Territories
as of
2024
-25-107243
to Ranking Member, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate
How does the IIJA fund
infrastructure projects?
